Sharing some info I received from Jon Udell at Hypothesis based on his experience getting a Docker container up and running with Pressbooks:
docker run -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=mysqlrootpw -e MYSQL_DATABASE=wordpress --name wordpressdb -v "$PWD/database":/var/lib/mysql -d mariadb:latest
docker run -e WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD=mysqlpw -e WORDPRESS_URL=pressbooks.test -e WORDPRESS_ADMIN_USER=pressbooks -e WORDPRESS_ADMIN_PASS=admin -e WORDPRESS_ADMIN_EMAI L=me@here.com --name wordpress-ms --link wordpressdb:mysql -p 127.0.0.1:80:80 -v "/var/www/html:/var/www/html" -d dylanrhysscott/wordpress-multisite-docker
Your mileage may vary, but some might find this useful. The trick was finding a good Docker container for WordPress Multisite.